Montunoman, we will start here and build.
I have written many papers on this subject; you will find it exciting.
John C.
Let’s bass the study in the key of C major. We will use roman numbers for the steps of the scale.

C D E F G A B C
I II III IV V VI VII VIII

A basic Blues scale uses the C F G
CHORDS I IV V

MAJOR SCALE C D E F G A B C
BLUES SCALE C Eb F G Bb C

What is a blues note? It is a note which makes you uncomfortable, and when you get off it we go aaaaah.
Example: C chord being played C E G Blues note is Eb – it is against the harmony we understand.

C Minor chord: C Eb G
We are playing Minor against Major.
Blues chord progression:
C C C C F F C C
I I I I IV IV I I
G F C C
V IV I I

Chords in the key of G major are
G C D I IV V of the Major scale.
Enough for the first step.
John C.

PS, keep in mind that jazz is played --- Chord and single notes againct that chord. Change the chord and the impro notes must change.