Hi R-F,
1.) Does such a thing as absolute thruth exist? Or is everything relative?
I think that there is absolute truth but where human beings are concerned truth can only be relative. Despite our arrogance as a species our knowledge is not absolute so what we believe to be true can only ever be relative to our knowledge.
Only a few hundred years ago human beings really believed that the earth was flat. When they stated this as fact they were no lying. They were speaking truthfully, relative to their knowledge at the time.
2.) How do you distinguish between right and wrong?
As others have said we were all born with a conscience. However I don't believe that this directly equates to comprehension of what is right and what is wrong.
As an example, I am lucky enough to have been born into a loving family and in a wealthy country. I have never really had to struggle for anything. I have never really been hungry and have never had to question that I am anything other than safe and free to live my life as I see fit. The effect of these social and economic factors mean that I have the luxury of knowing that certain things are wrong. Stealing, abuse of others, etc. etc. are all wrong to my 'pampered' concience.
Now had I been born elsewhere and had none of the comforts listed above and still had to feed myself and my family my concience might dictate that it is not such a cardinal sin to steal a loaf of bread, especially from someone who had far more than me to begin with.
It is too easy to take the moral highground. I really feel that I can only ever apply my ethical and moral standards to myself. I have no right to impose them on another single human being unless I am prepared to walk in their shoes.
I KNOW what is right and what is wrong for ME. I have no right to decide what is right or wrong for others. (and yes I know that is idealistic when taken to it's ultimate conclusion
)
3.) How would you define justice?
I don't think there is such a thing as justice. One man's justice is anothers injustice. It all depends how you have defined for yourself what is right and what is wrong (as above). I do think we have certain obligations when living within society to abide by it's rules and laws. If you don't like them then find somewhere you feel more comfortable. Again these views are probably tainted by always having had the luxury of living in a democracy where I have the right to lobby for change where I think those rules and laws unfair.
I am concerned that Justice is often used as a cover for revenge, or for the moral majority to control anything it considers a threat. If Justice did exist it should be pure and above reproach. Justice would never be for sale but what we percieve to be justice often is.
4.) What is the most difficult ethical standard, ever proclaimed?
Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours goods.
As human beings this is an impossible standard to set. I'm sure that in ages gone when Mr Caveman saw his mate in the next cave had a bigger spear than him he thought "Ug! I'm having me one of them" It is human nature after all.
Especially in this day and age we want what everyone else has. Not only do we want it but we often see it as our right to have it. I am as guilty as anyone in this. We are too easily sold on products, lifestyles, ideas and ideology to actually think about the spirituality of life. We can (and I do) justify this with all kinds of excuses and intelligent reasoning but the basic fact is that we cannot help admiring what others have and wanting some for ourselves.
I have met very few people who genuinely care little for the material.
Well I went a bit off track there I'm sure but they are my answers anyway
Best wishes
Tony